When we talk about the different sources of water, we usually think of surface water sources like lakes, rivers, and streams. However, approximately 97% of all of the usable freshwater is actually groundwater. Groundwater is the water that percolates the ...
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How to Construct Open Wells?
An open well is a cylindrical shaft made out of masonry in the ground with an uncovered opening. It is one of the most basic types of well that can be shallow or deep depending on the water table. The ...
What are the types of Surface Drainage Systems? [PDF]
A proper Surface drainage system shapes and molds the land into a watershed that can convey the runoff into an organized drainage system comprising of trench drains, catch basins, and storm sewers. If the surface drainage is below par, it ...
What is the Laying and Jointing Procedure of Concrete Pipes? [PDF]
The laying and jointing of concrete pipes must be done with high precision and efficiency to achieve a leak-free and robust joint between two concrete pipes. The joining of pipes is usually rigid unless it is specified that a flexible ...
Losses of Water in the Canal System
The passage of water from the main canal to the outlet at the head of the watercourse may experience water loss either due to evaporation or due to seepage. Evaporation and seepage loss in certain situations account to be very ...
Important Terms in Design of Irrigation Canal System
The design of irrigation canal system requires the knowledge of some of the important terminologies and definitions associated with the command area of irrigation, the irrigation intensity and the intensity of cropping. Each term is explained one by one briefly ...
What is Canal Irrigation? Features and Advantages
A canal is an artificial channel that is constructed to carry water to the fields to perform irrigation. The water is taken either from the river, tank or reservoirs. The canals can be constructed either by means of concrete, stone, ...
Methods of Measurement of Precipitation (Rainfall)
Precipitation is expressed in terms of the vertical depth to which water from it would stand on a level surface area if all the water from it were collected on this surface. The depth is to which water would accumulate ...